Basalt pob zeb thiab granite yog tsim los ntawm txias ntawm magma tom qab volcanic eruption. Tab sis ib qho yog tsim los ntawm kev ua kom txias nyob rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm txias nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
Granite yog ib lub pob zeb tectonic uas tawg los ntawm cov hluav taws kub thiab tau nce mus rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust nyob rau hauv lub siab loj heev hauv lub xeev molten. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust, nws maj mam txav thiab txias. Granite yog hom pob zeb igneous uas feem ntau muab faib rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Nws yog crystalline pob zeb loj tsim los ntawm maj mam txias thiab condensation ntawm magma nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust. Feem ntau, nws yog daj nrog liab, thiab tseem muaj greyish dawb sawv daws yuav. Nyuaj hauv kev ntxhib los mos thiab zoo nkauj xim, nws yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo. Feem ntau hu ua granite.
Basalt pob zeb yog ib hom compact los yog ua npuas ncauj zoo li pob zeb tsim los ntawm qhov txias thiab solidification ntawm magma los ntawm volcanoes. Basalt yog ib hom kev cog lus los yog ua npuas ncauj zoo li pob zeb tsim los ntawm qhov txias thiab solidification ntawm magma emitted los ntawm volcanoes. Nws belongs rau magmatic pob zeb nyob rau hauv geological kev faib tawm ntawm pob zeb. Qhov kub ntawm magma emissions los ntawm volcanic eruptions yog siab li 1200 degrees Celsius. Vim nws viscosity, thaum lub struts tiaj tus, magma ntws maj mam, ntws tsuas yog ob peb meters ib feeb; Thaum ntsib qhov chaw siab tshaj, qhov nrawm nrawm heev. Thaum lub sij hawm nws ntws, nws nqa ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm dej vapor thiab npuas. Tom qab txias, nws tsim ntau yam sib txawv, tsim cov khoom siv pob zeb basalt uas peb tam sim no siv hauv peb lub neej.
Basic extrusive pob zeb. Cov pob zeb tseem ceeb yog pyroxene thiab cov plagioclase yooj yim, thaum cov ntxhia hauv nruab nrab yog olivine thiab amphibole. Nws feem ntau yog greyish dub lossis dub, thiab feem ntau muaj cov qauv porphyritic. Cov phenocrysts yog olivine, pyroxene, thiab plagioclase yooj yim. Lub matrix yog cryptocrystalline lossis semi crystalline, muaj li ntawm microcrystalline lossis iav ntaub. Lub matrix kuj muaj cov qauv diabase, coarse dolerite qauv, interstitial qauv, tholeiitic basalt qauv, thiab iav qauv. Muaj ntau cov plagioclase yooj yim, thiab qee qhov tsaus ntuj hauv matrix. Lawv feem ntau muaj cov qauv hauv lub cev, cov qauv almond zoo li tus qauv, thiab qee zaum cov pob qij txha pob txha yog tsim heev. Raws li cov ntxhia hauv nruab nrab, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua olivine basalt, pyroxene basalt, magnetic basalt, thiab lwm yam. Raws li cov qauv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua dolerite, nplua-grained basalt, tholeiitic basalt, thiab lwm yam. muab faib ua stomatal basalt, almond basalt, slag basalt, thiab ntom basalt. "Yog hais tias nws muaj ntau tshaj 10 feem pua poov tshuaj feldspar, nws yog hu ua alkaline basalt, thiab yog hais tias nws yog tsim tag nrho los yog loj ntawm cov khoom siv vitreous, nws yog hu ua basalt iav." Basalt yog lub pob zeb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb volcanic, feem ntau tsim thaj chaw loj ntawm lava platforms. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov kua qaub-resistant cam khwb cia pob zeb, basalt pores feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li tooj liab, cobalt, sulfur, thiab iceland spar.
Plutonic acidic igneous pob zeb. Feem ntau hu ua granite. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon dioxide feem ntau yog siab dua 70 feem pua. Cov xim yog sib dua, nrog greyish dawb thiab nqaij liab yog ntau dua. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia tsaus xws li quartz, feldspar, thiab ib qho me me ntawm biotite. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm quartz muaj li ntawm 20 feem pua mus rau 40 feem pua , thiab alkaline feldspar nyiaj ntau dua plagioclase, suav txog ntau dua 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus feldspar. Alkaline feldspar yog ntau yam potassium feldspar thiab albite, thaum plagioclase yog sodium feldspar lossis feldspar. Cov ntxhia tsaus yog feem ntau biotite nrog me me ntawm amphibole. Nrog ib tug granite los yog porphyritic qauv. Raws li hom minerals muaj, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua biotite granite, muscovite granite, hornblende granite, thiab biotite granite; Raws li cov qauv tsim, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua nplua-grained granite, nruab nrab-grained granite, coarse-grained granite, porphyritic granite, porphyritic granite, siv lead ua qhov tsua granite, gneissic granite, thiab lwm yam; Raws li cov khoom siv ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cassiterite bearing granite, niobium bearing granite, beryllium bearing granite, lithium mica granite, tourmaline granite, thiab lwm yam. Tus kheej-metamorphism xws li feldspathicization, greisenization, thiab electrification muaj ntau. Granite yog lub pob zeb dav dav uas tshwm sim hauv ntau lub hnub nyoog geological. Cov duab feem ntau yog bedrock, Tshuag, pob zeb tswb, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm genesis, ib txhia neeg ntseeg hais tias granite yog tsim los ntawm condensation crystallization ntawm granite magma sib sib zog nqus nyob rau hauv lub crust los yog crystallization sib txawv ntawm basaltic magma, thaum lwm tus neeg ntseeg hais tias nws yog qhov tshwm sim. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm granitization tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus metamorphism thiab metasomatism. Ntau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li tooj liab, txhuas, zinc, tungsten, tin, bismuth, thiab molybdenum, cov hlau zoo li kub thiab nyiaj, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj xws li niobium, tantalum, thiab beryllium, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li uranium, thorium, yog hais txog granite. Granite muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab xim zoo nkauj, ua rau lub tsev zoo nkauj pob zeb.